One Belt, One Road

The Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road, also known as The Belt and Road (abbreviated B&R), One Belt, One Road (abbreviated OBOR) or the Belt and Road Initiative is a development strategy and framework, proposed by People's Republic of China that focuses on connectivity and cooperation among countries primarily in Eurasia, which consists of two main components, the land-based "Silk Road Economic Belt" (SREB) and oceangoing "Maritime Silk Road" (MSR). The strategy underlines China's push to take a bigger role in global affairs, and its need to export China's production capacity in areas of overproduction such as steel manufacturing.

It was unveiled by Chinese paramount leader Xi Jinping in September and October 2013 in announcements revealing the SREB and MSR, respectively. Also, it was promoted by Premier Li Keqiang during the State visit in Asia and Europe.

Infrastructure networks

The coverage area of the initiative is primarily Asia and Europe. However, Oceania is also included as well as East Africa.

Ministry of Defence

A Ministry of Defence or Defense (see spelling differences), also known as a Department of Defence or Defense, is the common name for a part of the government found in states where the government is divided into ministries or departments, responsible for matters of defence. Such a department usually includes all branches of the military, and is usually controlled by a Defence Minister, Minister of Defence, or Secretary of Defense.

Historically, such departments were referred to as a Ministry of War or Department of War, although such departments generally had authority only over the army of a country, with a separate department governing other military branches. Prior to WWII, most "Ministries of War" were Army ministries, while the Navy and the Air Force, if it existed as a separate branch, had their own departments. As late as 1953, for example, the Soviets for instance had a "Ministry of War" alongside a "Ministry of the Navy".

The tendency to consolidate and rename these departments to highlight their purpose as providing "defence" arose after World War II. In India, for example, "the name of the War Department was found objectionable in the sense that the concept had an aggressive aspect which was inconsistent with Indian traditions".

China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a sovereign state in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population of over 1.35 billion. The PRC is a one-party state governed by the Communist Party, with its seat of government in the capital city of Beijing. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces; five autonomous regions; four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Chongqing); two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau); and claims sovereignty over Taiwan.

Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometers, China is the world's second-largest country by land area, and either the third or fourth-largest by total area, depending on the method of measurement. China's landscape is vast and diverse, ranging from forest steppes and the Gobi and Taklamakan deserts in the arid north to subtropical forests in the wetter south. The Himalaya, Karakoram, Pamir and Tian Shan mountain ranges separate China from South and Central Asia. The Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, the third- and sixth-longest in the world, run from the Tibetan Plateau to the densely populated eastern seaboard. China's coastline along the Pacific Ocean is 14,500 kilometres (9,000 mi) long, and is bounded by the Bohai, Yellow, East and South China Seas.

Energy minister

An energy minister is a position in many governments responsible for energy production and regulation, developing governmental energy policy, scientific research, and natural resources conservation. In some countries, environmental responsibilities are given to a separate environment minister.

Country-related articles and lists

 Australia: Minister for Resources and Energy

 Belgium: Ministry of Energy

 Brazil: Ministry of Mines and Energy

 Canada: Minister of Natural Resources

 Denmark: Minister of Climate and Energy

 European Union: European Commissioner for Energy

 France: Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy

 Germany: Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (since 2013)

 Greece: Minister for the Environment, Energy and Climate Change

 Hong Kong: Secretary for the Environment

 Iceland: Ministry of Industry, Energy and Tourism

 Indonesia: Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources

 Ireland: Minister for Communications, Energy and Natural Resources

Alexander Novak

Alexander Valentinovich Novak (Russian: Александр Валентинович Нóвак) (born 23 August 1971 in Avdiivka, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine), is a Russian politician, and the current minister of energy of Russia.

In 1993 he graduated from Norilsk Industrial Institute as a specialist on Economy and Management in Metallurgy. Between 1993–1997 he was economist, Head of the Financial Bureau of the Accounting Department of the Norilsk Mining and Smelting Complex. In 1997 to 1999 he headed the tax planning department of the complex.

Between 2002–2007 - he was head of the Main Finance Management of the Krasnoyarsk Krai Administration, Deputy Governor of the Krasnoyarsk Krai and Head of the Main Finance Authority of the Krasnoyarsk Krai.

From September 2008 to May 2012 he was Deputy Finance Minister of the Russian Federation. In May 2012 he was appointed as the Energy Minister in Dmitry Medvedev's Cabinet.

Since July 2010 he is a member of United Aircraft Corporation Board of Directors.

In 2004 he was distinguished by the Governor of the Krasnoyarsk Krai. In 2006 he was rewarded with the medal “For Distinguished Service in Organizing the All-Russia Agricultural Census 2006” of the Russian Federal Statistics Service.